nhóm định chức
Definition
- Noun (Chemistry):
- Functional group: A specific group of atoms within a molecule that is responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of that molecule. The presence of a functional group largely determines the properties and reactivity of an organic compound.
Usage Examples
- Noun:
- Nhóm hydroxyl (-OH) là một nhóm định chức quan trọng trong rượu. (The hydroxyl group (-OH) is an important functional group in alcohols.)
- Tính chất của axit hữu cơ chủ yếu do nhóm định chức carboxyl quyết định. (The properties of organic acids are primarily determined by the carboxyl functional group.)
- Để xác định loại hợp chất, trước tiên cần nhận diện nhóm định chức của nó. (To identify the type of compound, one must first recognize its functional group.)
Advanced Usage
- The term is primarily used in academic and scientific contexts, specifically in organic chemistry. It is a core concept for classifying organic compounds and predicting their behavior in chemical reactions.
Variants and Related Words
- Nhóm chức: A common shortened form of "nhóm định chức," meaning the same thing (functional group).
- Công thức này cho thấy rõ nhóm chức aldehyde. (This formula clearly shows the aldehyde functional group.)
Synonyms
- Functional group: The direct and most accurate English equivalent.
- Characteristic group: A less common but acceptable synonym emphasizing the group's role in defining properties.
Related Terms (Not Synonyms)
- Gốc hydrocarbon: Hydrocarbon backbone/chain. This is the part of the molecule that is not the functional group.
- Đồng đẳng: Homologous series. A series of compounds with the same functional group but differing by a unit.